Columbia River Gorge

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Columbia River Gorge is a spectacular river canyon cutting the only sea-level route through the Cascade Range due to the Columbia River. It spans from the Deschutes River in the east to the outskirts of the Portland metropolitan area in the west. The gorge holds federal protection as a National Scenic Area called the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area and presents a diverse range of ecosystems from rainforests to arid desert.

Geography

The Columbia River Gorge is approximately 80 miles long and up to 4,000 feet deep, cutting through the Cascade Range as the Columbia River descends to the Pacific Ocean. The gorge forms the boundary between the states of Oregon and Washington, showcasing dramatic cliffs and panoramic vistas. Its unique geography supports a wide range of climates and biomes.

History

The area around the Columbia River Gorge has been inhabited by Native Americans for thousands of years, with the river itself playing a crucial role in their culture and survival. It was a vital trade route for indigenous peoples, who fished the abundant salmon and traded goods along its length. European explorers, including Lewis and Clark, traveled through the gorge in the early 19th century, marking the beginning of significant changes to the region, including settlement, industry, and the construction of railroads and highways.

Ecology

The Columbia River Gorge is renowned for its diverse ecosystems, ranging from temperate rainforests in the western end to dry grasslands in the eastern sections, with a variety of flora and fauna unique to its environment. The gorge is home to several plant species that are found nowhere else on earth, making it an important area for biological research and conservation.

Recreation

The gorge offers numerous recreational activities, including hiking, biking, fishing, and windsurfing, attracting millions of visitors each year. Notable attractions within the gorge include Multnomah Falls, the highest waterfall in the state of Oregon, and the Historic Columbia River Highway, which offers stunning views of the gorge's scenic beauty.

Conservation

The establishment of the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area in 1986 was a significant step in the conservation of the gorge's unique beauty and ecological diversity. This designation helps to protect and manage the land, balancing human use with environmental preservation. Ongoing efforts by federal and state agencies, along with local and indigenous communities, aim to maintain the natural and cultural heritage of the Columbia River Gorge.

See Also

• Cascade Range
• Lewis and Clark Expedition
• Multnomah Falls
• Historic Columbia River Highway