Columbia River

Columbia River route on satellite image

ColumbiaGorge CapeHorn

Columbia River Mouth and Bar

Drum-Heller-Channels

ColumbiaRGorgePano

Columbia River is a significant river in North America, flowing through the United States and Canada. It is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America, originating in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada, and flowing south into the US state of Washington, then turning west to form most of the border between Washington and Oregon before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. The river is approximately 1,243 miles (2,000 kilometers) long, making it the fourth-longest river in the United States.

Course

The Columbia River's journey begins in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, in Columbia Lake. From there, it flows north through the Canadian Rockies, then bends southward into the state of Washington. In Washington, the river carves through the Columbia River Plateau, creating the dramatic Columbia River Gorge. The river then makes a sharp turn west, forming the border between Oregon and Washington, before reaching its mouth at the Pacific Ocean.

History

The Columbia River has been a vital artery for the Indigenous peoples of the region for thousands of years, providing a rich source of fish, especially salmon, which are integral to the local ecosystems and cultures. The river was named by American captain Robert Gray, who explored its mouth in 1792 and named it after his ship, the Columbia Rediviva.

In the 19th century, the river became a key route for explorers, fur traders, and settlers. The Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804–1806) traveled down the Columbia on their way to the Pacific Ocean, documenting the region and establishing American claims to the area.

Economic Importance

The Columbia River plays a crucial role in the region's economy. It is a major source of hydroelectric power, with its numerous dams, including the Grand Coulee Dam and the Bonneville Dam, providing electricity to millions of people in the Northwest. The river also supports a significant fishing industry, agriculture through irrigation, and is a vital waterway for the transportation of goods.

Environmental Concerns

The development of the Columbia River for hydroelectric power and irrigation has led to significant environmental impacts, including the decline of salmon populations, due to habitat loss and the construction of dams which block their migration routes. Efforts are ongoing to restore salmon runs and manage the river's resources sustainably.

Recreation

The Columbia River is a popular destination for recreation, offering opportunities for fishing, boating, windsurfing, and kayaking. The Columbia River Gorge, in particular, is renowned for its stunning landscapes and is a popular spot for hiking and sightseeing.

See Also

• Columbia River Gorge
• Hydroelectric power in the United States
• Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast
• Lewis and Clark Expedition