Common warts

Infobox Disease
ICD-10	G71.2
ICD-9	359.0
DiseasesDB	31991
MedlinePlus
eMedicine	neuro 76 neuro/230
MeSH ID

Verruca vulgaris, commonly known as common warts, are benign growths caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. They typically appear as small, rough, and raised lesions on the skin.

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Verruca vulgaris is primarily caused by HPV types 1, 2, 4, 27, and 29. The virus invades the keratinocytes in the skin, leading to hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and papillomatosis. This results in the formation of the rough, raised warts.

Epidemiology

Common warts are more prevalent among children and adolescents but can occur at any age. They are contagious and can be spread through direct skin-to-skin contact or indirectly through contaminated surfaces.

Clinical Features

Warts typically appear on the hands, fingers, elbows, and knees. They may be single or multiple, and their size can vary. Warts are generally painless, but they can become painful if located in areas subject to pressure or friction.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on the appearance of the lesions. In uncertain cases, a biopsy can be performed for histopathological examination.

Treatment

Treatment options for verruca vulgaris include:

• Cryotherapy (freezing with liquid nitrogen)
• Salicylic acid preparations
• Laser therapy
• Electrosurgery
• Immunotherapy
• Surgical excision in resistant cases

Prognosis

While common warts can be persistent and recurrent, they are benign and do not pose a significant health risk. Many warts resolve spontaneously over time, especially in children.

Prevention

Preventive measures include avoiding direct contact with warts, keeping the skin clean and dry, and not sharing personal items like towels or razors.

See also

• Human papillomavirus
• Dermatology
• Skin lesion
• Cryotherapy
• Salicylic acid

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