Commons:Category:Citrus

Citrus is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes.

Origin and distribution

The citrus genus originated in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, where it has been cultivated for at least 4,000 years. From there, it spread to other parts of the world through trade and exploration. Today, citrus fruits are grown in nearly every corner of the globe, from the Mediterranean region to South America, and from the United States to Australia.

Description

Citrus trees are evergreen, with glossy, leathery leaves and fragrant flowers. The fruit is a type of berry known as a hesperidium, characterized by a leathery rind and juicy pulp divided into segments. Citrus fruits are notable for their fragrance, which is due to the presence of essential oils in the rind, and their high vitamin C content.

Cultivation and uses

Citrus fruits are grown commercially for their edible fruit, which is consumed fresh or used in cooking, beverages, and confectionery. The peel is also used in cooking and in the production of essential oils. Some citrus species are used as ornamental plants due to their attractive foliage, flowers, and fruit.

Species and hybrids

There are several species of citrus, including the orange (Citrus sinensis), lemon (Citrus limon), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), lime (Citrus aurantifolia), and pomelo (Citrus maxima). In addition, there are many hybrids and cultivars, such as the tangerine (Citrus reticulata), clementine (Citrus × clementina), and satsuma (Citrus unshiu), among others.

See also

• List of citrus fruits
• Citrus production
• Citrus diseases

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