Complete dentures

Complete dentures are a type of prosthodontics device designed to replace an individual's entire set of teeth in either the upper (maxillary) or lower (mandibular) arch. They are commonly referred to as "false teeth" and are used when a person has lost all of their natural teeth due to dental caries, periodontal disease, or injury. Complete dentures help restore the ability to eat, speak, and smile with confidence, as well as support the facial muscles to maintain the shape of the face.

Types of Complete Dentures

Complete dentures can be classified into two main types:

1. Conventional Dentures: These are made after all the teeth have been removed and the gum tissue has begun to heal. Conventional dentures are ready for placement in the mouth about 8 to 12 weeks after the teeth have been removed.

2. Immediate Dentures: Immediate dentures are made in advance and can be positioned as soon as the teeth are removed. The advantage is that the wearer does not have to be without teeth during the healing period. However, bones and gums shrink over time, especially during the healing period following tooth removal. Therefore, immediate dentures require more adjustments to fit properly during the healing process and should only be considered a temporary solution until conventional dentures can be made.

Materials

The base of a complete denture is typically made from either acrylic resin or a type of flexible polymer to closely mimic the appearance of natural gums. The teeth are usually made from porcelain or acrylic resin, which provides a balance between durability, aesthetics, and cost-effectiveness.

Fabrication Process

The process of fabricating complete dentures involves several steps, including:

1. Initial Dental Impressions: A general impression of the patient's mouth is taken to create a custom tray. 2. Secondary Impressions: Using the custom tray, a more precise impression is made to ensure a snug fit of the denture base. 3. Bite Registration: This step involves recording the way the jaws come together to ensure the dentures will allow for proper chewing and speaking. 4. Wax Try-In: A mock-up of the final denture in wax is created for the patient to try in. This allows for adjustments to the fit, shape, and color of the teeth before the final denture is made. 5. Final Denture: After any adjustments are made during the wax try-in, the final denture is fabricated and fitted to the patient.

Adjustment Period

Adapting to complete dentures can take time. New wearers may experience minor irritation or soreness and an increase in saliva flow. These issues typically resolve as one becomes accustomed to wearing the dentures.

Maintenance

Proper care is essential to extend the life of complete dentures. This includes regular cleaning to remove food and plaque, keeping them moist when not in use to maintain their shape, and avoiding the use of abrasive cleaners that can damage the denture surface.

Complications

While complete dentures provide many benefits, there are potential complications, including:

- Difficulty in chewing certain foods - Slippage or movement of the dentures in the mouth - Speech difficulties as one adjusts to wearing dentures - Mouth infections such as cheilitis or stomatitis

Regular dental check-ups are important for denture wearers to address any issues and to adjust the fit of the dentures as needed.