Congress of Racial Equality

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Congress of Racial Equality

The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) is a U.S. civil rights organization that played a pivotal role in the Civil Rights Movement of the 20th century. Founded in 1942, CORE sought to apply the principles of nonviolence as a means to challenge racial segregation and discrimination.

History

CORE was founded in Chicago by a group of students, including James Farmer, George Houser, James R. Robinson, and Bernice Fisher. The organization was inspired by the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi and the nonviolent resistance methods he employed in the struggle for Indian independence.

Early Activities

In its early years, CORE focused on challenging segregation in the Northern United States. One of its first major actions was the Journey of Reconciliation in 1947, which tested the Supreme Court ruling in Morgan v. Virginia that declared segregation on interstate buses unconstitutional.

Freedom Rides

CORE is perhaps best known for organizing the Freedom Rides in 1961. These were integrated bus trips through the American South to challenge local laws or customs that enforced segregation in seating. The Freedom Riders faced violent opposition, but their efforts drew national attention to the civil rights cause and led to federal enforcement of desegregation laws.

Leadership and Structure

CORE's leadership has included notable figures such as James Farmer, Floyd McKissick, and Roy Innis. The organization is structured with a national headquarters and numerous local chapters across the United States.

Later Years and Controversies

In the late 1960s, CORE's focus shifted under the leadership of Roy Innis, who took the organization in a more conservative direction. This shift led to controversies and a decline in membership. Despite this, CORE continues to be active in various civil rights issues today.

Legacy

CORE's contributions to the Civil Rights Movement have been significant. The organization's commitment to nonviolent protest and its role in landmark events like the Freedom Rides have left a lasting impact on the struggle for racial equality in the United States.

Related Pages

• Civil Rights Movement
• James Farmer
• Freedom Rides
• Journey of Reconciliation
• Morgan v. Virginia
• Mahatma Gandhi
• Roy Innis
• Floyd McKissick