Conical flask

A conical flask, also known as an Erlenmeyer flask, is a type of laboratory glassware that features a conical body, a flat bottom, and a cylindrical neck. It is named after the German chemist Emil Erlenmeyer, who designed it in 1860. Conical flasks are widely used in chemical laboratories for mixing, heating, and storing liquids. The sloping sides and narrow neck of the flask allow the contents to be mixed by swirling without the risk of spillage, making it an essential tool for chemists.

Design and Features

The design of a conical flask is characterized by its conical body and narrow neck. This shape serves several practical purposes in the laboratory. The wide base allows the flask to stand stably on flat surfaces such as a lab bench or a hot plate. The narrow neck minimizes the evaporation of the flask's contents and makes it easier to plug the flask with a stopper. Additionally, the angled sides are ideal for swirling liquids without the risk of spilling, facilitating the mixing of reagents.

Uses in the Laboratory

Conical flasks are versatile pieces of glassware used in various laboratory procedures. Their primary use is for the mixing of chemical reagents, where the unique shape allows for effective swirling and mixing without spillage. They are also commonly used for heating substances, as the wide base can safely sit on a hot plate or a wire gauze. In microbiology, conical flasks are used to culture microbes in liquid media. The flasks can be sealed with cotton wool or a bung to prevent contamination while still allowing for aeration.

Sizes and Variants

Conical flasks come in a range of sizes, typically from 5 mL to several liters, to accommodate different volumes of liquid. Some flasks are graduated, having markings on the side to indicate volume, although these markings are not intended for precise measurements. There are also variants of the Erlenmeyer flask designed for specific purposes, such as the filtering flask, which has a side arm to connect to a vacuum pump for vacuum filtration.

Safety Considerations

When using a conical flask, it is important to be aware of the potential for breakage, especially when heating. Gradual heating and cooling are recommended to avoid thermal shock. Additionally, when mixing chemicals, it is advisable to wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and safety goggles, to protect against spills and splashes.

In Popular Culture

The conical flask has become an iconic symbol of science and is often used in media and imagery to represent chemistry and experimentation. Its distinctive shape is recognized even by those outside the scientific community.

See Also

• Laboratory glassware
• Beaker (glassware)
• Volumetric flask
• Florence flask

Conical flask Resources
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