Conservative Judaism

20191229ADATHISRAEL MERION Sanctuary

Jewish Theological Seminary of America (51241367198)

Deputy Chief Sander Cohen Memorial Service (38177042965)

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Rabot - Torah

American Jewish University, Bel Air, California

Conservative Judaism is a major Jewish denomination which originated in the mid-19th century as a reaction to the radical changes introduced by Reform Judaism. It seeks to conserve Jewish tradition and law (Halakha) while allowing for adaptation and change in response to modern life. Conservative Judaism occupies a middle ground between Orthodox Judaism and Reform Judaism, advocating for fidelity to traditional Jewish laws and customs while being open to adjustments in practice when deemed necessary by its rabbinic authorities.

History

The movement began as a response to the perceived extremes of Orthodox and Reform Judaism in the late 19th century. In America, it was significantly shaped by the leadership of Zacharias Frankel in Europe, who emphasized the importance of historical context in understanding Jewish law and tradition. The Jewish Theological Seminary (JTS) in New York City became the intellectual and spiritual home of Conservative Judaism, training rabbis who would lead congregations in this middle path.

Beliefs and Practices

Conservative Judaism holds the Torah and Jewish law (Halakha) as central, but it also embraces critical study of these texts and the application of modern scholarship. This approach allows for a more flexible interpretation of Jewish law than in Orthodox Judaism. Key practices and beliefs include:

• Observance of Shabbat (Sabbath) and Jewish holidays
• Commitment to Jewish law while allowing for changes in practice (e.g., driving to synagogue on Shabbat under certain conditions)
• Equality between men and women in religious life, including ordination of women as rabbis
• A focus on Zionism and the importance of Israel in Jewish life

Community and Institutions

The movement has a global presence, with strong communities in North America, Israel, and other parts of the world. Key institutions include:

• Jewish Theological Seminary (JTS) in New York
• Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies in Los Angeles
• Schechter Institute of Jewish Studies in Jerusalem
• United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), the movement's congregational organization in North America

Contemporary Challenges

Conservative Judaism faces challenges such as declining membership in North America and debates over issues like intermarriage and the role of non-Jews in congregational life. Despite these challenges, it continues to adapt and evolve, seeking ways to remain relevant and meaningful to modern Jews.

See Also

• Orthodox Judaism
• Reform Judaism
• Reconstructionist Judaism
• Jewish Renewal