Copying

Copying is the duplication of information or an artifact based on an instance of that information or artifact, and not using the process that originally generated it. With analog forms of information, copying is only possible to a limited degree of accuracy, which gets worse with every generation. With digital forms of information, copying is perfect. Copying of information can be done at several levels of detail: in terms of physical media (e.g., a record to a cassette), in terms of information format (e.g., a cassette to an MP3), or at a higher semantic level (e.g., music to sheet music).

Types of Copying

There are several types of copying, including mechanical reproduction, xerography, photocopying, digital copying, and genetic replication.

Mechanical Reproduction

Mechanical reproduction is a process that allows for the mass production of objects using machines. This process is used in manufacturing and industrial settings.

Xerography

Xerography is a dry photocopying technique. Its fundamental principle was invented by American physicist Chester Carlson and based on Hungarian physicist Pál Selényi's publications.

Photocopying

Photocopying is a process that makes paper copies of documents and other visual images quickly and cheaply.

Digital Copying

Digital copying involves the conversion of analog information into digital information which is then copied.

Genetic Replication

Genetic replication is the process of copying in biological systems, particularly DNA.

Legal and Ethical Implications

Copying has legal and ethical implications. In many jurisdictions, certain types of copying, particularly reproduction of copyrighted works, may be illegal. On the other hand, copying may also be considered ethical in certain circumstances, such as for purposes of education or research.

See Also

• Copyright
• Plagiarism
• Fair Use
• Intellectual Property

Copying Resources
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