Costa

Costa is a term used in anatomy and biology to refer to a rib or rib-like structure. The term is derived from the Latin word for "rib". In humans, the rib cage (also known as the thoracic cage) is a bony and cartilaginous structure which surrounds the thoracic cavity and supports the shoulder girdle to form the core part of the human skeleton. A human body typically consists of 24 ribs.

Anatomy of the Costa

The human rib cage is made up of 12 pairs of ribs which are symmetrically paired on both sides of the body. The first seven sets of ribs, known as "true ribs", are directly attached to the sternum through the costal cartilage. Rib 1 is unique and easier to distinguish than other ribs. It is a short, flat, C-shaped bone. The vertebral attachment can be found just below the neck and the majority of this bone can be found above the level of the clavicle. Ribs 2 through 7 have a more traditional appearance and become longer and less curved as they progress downwards.

The remaining five sets are known as "false ribs", three of these sharing a common cartilaginous connection to the sternum, while the last two (eleventh and twelfth ribs) are termed floating ribs or vertebral ribs. They are attached to the vertebrae only, and not to the sternum or cartilage coming off of the sternum.

Function of the Costa

The main function of the costa or rib cage is to protect vital organs in the thoracic (chest) cavity and the upper part of the abdomen. This includes organs like the heart and lungs. The rib cage also assists in breathing. When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity is expanded, reducing intra-thoracic pressure and drawing air into the lungs.

Related Conditions

There are several medical conditions related to the costa or ribs. These include Costochondritis, inflammation of the cartilage connecting the ribs to the sternum, and Rib fracture, a common injury to the chest.

See Also

• Rib fracture
• Costochondritis
• Human skeleton
• Thoracic cavity

Costa Resources
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