Craniosacral therapy

Craniosacral therapy (CST) is a form of bodywork or alternative therapy that uses gentle touch to palpate the synarthrodial joints of the cranium. A practitioner of craniosacral therapy may also apply light touches to a patient's spine and pelvis. Proponents claim that this manipulation regulates the flow of cerebrospinal fluid and aids in "primary respiration." Craniosacral therapy was developed by John Upledger in the 1970s as an offshoot of osteopathy in the cranial field, which was developed in the 1930s by William Garner Sutherland.

Overview

Craniosacral therapy is based on several theories. One is the concept of a cranial rhythm, a subtle movement that practitioners claim to detect through their hands. This rhythm is said to be a result of the fluctuation of cerebrospinal fluid, which is produced and reabsorbed in the brain. Practitioners believe that disturbances in this rhythm can cause a variety of health problems and that correcting these disturbances can improve health and well-being.

Techniques

Craniosacral therapy involves assessing the movement of the cerebrospinal fluid and using soft-touch techniques to release restrictions in the membranes around the brain and spinal cord. The therapy is typically performed on a fully clothed person lying on a treatment table. The practitioner will gently touch various parts of the patient's head, spine, and pelvis, with the touch being no heavier than the weight of a nickel.

Applications

Proponents of craniosacral therapy claim it can be used to treat a wide range of conditions, including headaches, neck and back pain, temporomandibular joint syndrome (TMJ), chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, and emotional stress. However, the scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited, and the effectiveness of craniosacral therapy remains a subject of debate within the medical community.

Criticism and Research

Critics of craniosacral therapy argue that its underlying theory is not supported by scientific evidence and that it is pseudoscience. Research on craniosacral therapy has been limited, and studies that have been conducted have often been of low quality. A systematic review of the available research concluded that there is insufficient evidence to support the effectiveness of craniosacral therapy for any condition.

Training and Regulation

Training in craniosacral therapy is offered by various institutions and organizations, but there is no standardized curriculum or accreditation system. Practitioners typically come from a range of backgrounds, including massage therapy, physical therapy, and osteopathy. The regulation of craniosacral therapy varies by country and region, with some areas requiring practitioners to have a license in a related healthcare field.

Conclusion

While craniosacral therapy is popular among some individuals seeking alternative or complementary treatments, its effectiveness and scientific basis are controversial. Individuals considering craniosacral therapy should consult with a healthcare professional to discuss its potential benefits and risks.