Crepis

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Liiv-koeratubakas (Crepis tectorum)

Crepis pyrenaica (Pyrenäen-Pippau) IMG 4516

Crepis aurea01

Bombus soroeensis - Crepis tectorum - Keila2

Crepis is a genus of flowering plants in the Asteraceae family, which is commonly known as the daisy, composite, or sunflower family. The genus is widely distributed across the European, Asian, and North American continents, showcasing a diverse range of species adapted to various habitats. Crepis species are commonly referred to as hawksbeard or hawk's-beard, a name that reflects the appearance of their seed heads which resemble a bird's beak. The genus includes both annual and perennial plants, making it a versatile group in terms of growth and reproduction strategies.

Description

Crepis species are characterized by their rosette of basal leaves and tall, branching stems that bear clusters of small, yellow flowers. The flowers are typically daisy-like in appearance, with a central disc surrounded by ray florets. The fruit of Crepis is an achene, which is a small, dry, one-seeded fruit that does not open at maturity. This fruit is often equipped with a pappus, a structure of fine bristles that aids in wind dispersal, similar to the dandelion.

Habitat and Distribution

Crepis species are found in a wide range of habitats, from meadows and grasslands to rocky slopes and waste areas. Their adaptability to different environmental conditions has allowed them to spread across various regions. In Europe and Asia, Crepis species are often found in temperate zones, while in North America, they can be found from the northern temperate regions down to the mountains of Mexico.

Ecology

The flowers of Crepis are pollinated by a variety of insects, including bees, butterflies, and flies. The genus plays a role in local ecosystems as a source of nectar and pollen for these pollinators. Additionally, the seeds of Crepis, with their wind-dispersal mechanism, contribute to the plant's ability to colonize new areas, making some species successful pioneers in disturbed soils.

Cultivation and Uses

While not widely cultivated for ornamental purposes, some species of Crepis are grown in gardens for their cheerful yellow flowers and ease of care. Crepis species can be used in wildflower meadows and naturalistic plantings to attract pollinators. In terms of medicinal uses, traditional applications of Crepis species have been recorded, but they are not widely recognized in modern herbal medicine.

Conservation

The conservation status of Crepis species varies widely. While many species are common and not considered at risk, some are rare and face threats from habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change. Conservation efforts for these species involve habitat protection, seed banking, and, in some cases, reintroduction programs.

Selected Species

• Crepis capillaris (Smooth Hawksbeard)
• Crepis vesicaria (Beaked Hawksbeard)
• Crepis biennis (Rough Hawksbeard)
• Crepis sancta (Holy Hawksbeard)

See Also

• Asteraceae
• Pollination
• Seed dispersal