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Crookes is a term that can refer to several concepts, individuals, and places, primarily known within the fields of physics, chemistry, and geography. This article will focus on the most notable references associated with the term Crookes, including the Crookes tube, William Crookes, and the district of Crookes in Sheffield, England.

Crookes Tube

The Crookes tube is an early experimental electrical discharge tube, with partial vacuum, invented by British physicist William Crookes in the late 19th century. It played a crucial role in the discovery of the electron by J.J. Thomson in 1897. The Crookes tube is made of glass, containing two electrodes of metal at either end and is evacuated to a low pressure. When a high voltage is applied across the electrodes, cathode rays are generated, which are streams of electrons observed moving from the cathode to the anode. This invention not only contributed to the field of atomic physics but also led to the development of X-ray technology and the television.

William Crookes

William Crookes (1832–1919) was an English chemist and physicist who made significant contributions to the field of chemical and physical science. Apart from inventing the Crookes tube, he discovered the element thallium and investigated the properties of cathode rays. Crookes was also interested in spiritualism and tried to apply scientific methods to study it, which garnered both interest and criticism from his contemporaries. His work laid the groundwork for future scientific discoveries, including the structure of the atom and the nature of radioactivity.

Crookes, Sheffield

Crookes is a residential area in the city of Sheffield, England, situated about 1.5 miles west of the city center. It is known for its vibrant community, independent shops, and Victorian houses. The area is popular among students from the University of Sheffield due to its proximity to the university and affordable housing. Crookes has a rich history, with evidence of early settlement dating back to the Iron Age. Today, it is a bustling suburb with a mix of students and families, offering a variety of amenities including parks, schools, and recreational facilities.