Chemical

Chemical substances are forms of matter with a constant chemical composition and characteristic properties. They cannot be separated into components by physical separation methods, i.e., without breaking chemical bonds. Chemical substances can be solid, liquid, gas, or plasma.

Overview

Chemicals are distinguished by their chemical formula and are often classified according to the Periodic Table of Elements. They can be elements or compounds and are involved in various chemical reactions that occur in all aspects of life, including metabolism, photosynthesis, and combustion.

Types of Chemicals

Chemicals are broadly categorized into organic chemicals and inorganic chemicals. Organic chemicals contain carbon and are the basis of organic chemistry, while inorganic chemicals are composed of other elements and are the focus of inorganic chemistry.

Organic Chemicals

Organic chemicals are primarily made up of carbon atoms, along with hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and other elements. These chemicals are crucial for life and are found in all living organisms. Examples include glucose, benzene, and methane.

Inorganic Chemicals

Inorganic chemicals do not typically contain carbon as a principal element. Common examples include water, salts, acids like hydrochloric acid, and bases such as sodium hydroxide.

Chemical Industry

The chemical industry is a major global economic force, providing materials for various sectors including agriculture, pharmaceuticals, energy, and manufacturing. This industry produces a wide range of products like plastics, fertilizers, and detergents.

Safety and Regulation

Handling chemicals requires careful consideration regarding their toxicity, reactivity, and environmental impact. Regulations such as the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) and laws like the REACH Regulation in the European Union govern the use and disposal of chemicals to protect human health and the environment.

See Also

• Chemical reaction
• Chemical element
• Chemical compound
• Biochemistry