Cryptostroma corticale

Cryptostroma corticale (NYBG - Steere Herbarium)

Cryptostroma corticale is a species of fungus that belongs to the family Cryptostromataceae. It is primarily known for causing a disease known as sooty bark disease in maple trees, particularly the Acer pseudoplatanus (sycamore maple). This fungus is of significant interest in the fields of forestry, plant pathology, and environmental science due to its impact on tree health and its role in ecosystems.

Description

Cryptostroma corticale is characterized by its ability to produce a black, sooty layer of spores beneath the bark of infected trees. This layer becomes visible when the bark splits or is removed. The fungus itself forms small, inconspicuous fruiting bodies that are difficult to observe without magnification. Its spores are spread by the wind and can infect other trees over a wide area.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of Cryptostroma corticale involves both asexual and potentially sexual phases, although the latter is less understood. The fungus primarily infects its host through wounds or weakened areas in the bark. Once established, it grows in the cambium layer, disrupting the transport of water and nutrients within the tree. This can lead to the death of branches or the entire tree over time. The production of spores occurs under the bark, which are then released into the environment to infect new hosts.

Impact

The presence of Cryptostroma corticale can have a significant impact on sycamore maples and potentially other tree species. Infected trees often exhibit reduced growth, dieback of branches, and can eventually succumb to the disease. This not only affects the aesthetic and ecological value of these trees but can also have economic implications in areas where sycamore maples are cultivated for timber or as ornamental trees.

In addition to its direct effects on trees, the spores of Cryptostroma corticale can pose health risks to humans. Inhalation of large quantities of spores can lead to respiratory issues, a condition known as maple bark stripper's lung, which is a form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Management

Managing the spread and impact of Cryptostroma corticale involves several strategies. These include the removal and destruction of infected material to prevent spore dispersal, the avoidance of wounding trees which can provide entry points for the fungus, and the selection of resistant tree species or cultivars for new plantings. Monitoring and early detection of the disease are also critical for its control.

Research

Ongoing research into Cryptostroma corticale focuses on understanding its biology, ecology, and interactions with host trees. Studies aim to develop more effective management strategies, identify resistant tree varieties, and understand the potential impacts of climate change on the distribution and severity of sooty bark disease.