Cuboidal cells

Cuboidal cell

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Overview

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See also

• Cell biology
• List of cells in the human body

External links

• Link to external resource

Cuboidal cells are a type of epithelial cell characterized by their cube-like shape. These cells are approximately equal in height, width, and depth, giving them a distinctive appearance when viewed under a microscope. They are a fundamental component of various tissues and play crucial roles in the human body.

Structure

Cuboidal cells have a centrally located, spherical nucleus and a cytoplasm that is rich in organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. The cell membrane of cuboidal cells is often specialized with microvilli or cilia, depending on their location and function.

Cell Membrane

The cell membrane of cuboidal cells is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. This structure allows for selective permeability, enabling the cell to regulate the passage of substances in and out of the cell.

Cytoplasm

The cytoplasm of cuboidal cells contains various organelles that facilitate their function. The presence of numerous mitochondria indicates a high metabolic activity, which is essential for their roles in secretion and absorption.

Nucleus

The nucleus of cuboidal cells is typically round and centrally located. It contains the cell's genetic material and is involved in regulating cell activities through gene expression.

Function

Cuboidal cells are primarily involved in secretion and absorption. They are found in various glands and organs where these processes are critical.

Secretion

In glands, cuboidal cells are responsible for the production and release of various substances. For example, in the thyroid gland, they secrete thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism.

Absorption

In the kidneys, cuboidal cells line the renal tubules where they play a key role in the reabsorption of water, ions, and nutrients from the filtrate back into the blood.

Location

Cuboidal cells are found in several locations throughout the body, each with specific functions.

Glands

Cuboidal cells are a major component of many exocrine glands and endocrine glands. They form the secretory units and ducts of glands such as the salivary glands, pancreas, and sweat glands.

Kidney Tubules

In the nephrons of the kidney, cuboidal cells line the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, where they are involved in the selective reabsorption and secretion of substances.

Thyroid Follicles

In the thyroid gland, cuboidal cells form the walls of the thyroid follicles, where they synthesize and secrete thyroid hormones.

Types

Cuboidal cells can be classified based on their arrangement and function.

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

This type consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells and is typically found in areas where secretion and absorption occur, such as the ovary surface and kidney tubules.

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

This type consists of multiple layers of cuboidal cells and is found in larger ducts of glands, such as the sweat glands and mammary glands.

Clinical Significance

Cuboidal cells can be involved in various pathological conditions.

Cancer

Cuboidal cells can undergo malignant transformation, leading to the development of adenocarcinomas, which are cancers originating from glandular tissue.

Cystic Diseases

In conditions such as polycystic kidney disease, the normal function of cuboidal cells in the kidney is disrupted, leading to the formation of cysts.

See Also

• Epithelial tissue
• Columnar cell
• Squamous cell