Pharynx
The pharynx, commonly known as the throat, is a crucial structure in both the digestive and respiratory systems of vertebrates. It serves as a passageway connecting the back of the mouth and nose to the esophagus (the food tube) and the trachea (the windpipe).
Anatomy[edit | edit source]
The pharynx is a tubular structure that begins posterior to the nasal and oral cavities and extends downward to the opening of the esophagus and larynx. It is divided into three main sections:
- Nasopharynx: The uppermost section, located behind the nasal cavity. It serves as an air passage and is also where the Eustachian tubes (connecting to the middle ear) open.
- Oropharynx: Situated behind the oral cavity, this section is both an air and food passage. It includes the tonsils, which play a role in the immune response.
- Laryngopharynx: This is the lowermost section and is continuous with both the esophagus and the larynx. It channels food to the esophagus and air to the trachea.
Function[edit | edit source]
The primary functions of the pharynx include:
- Respiration: Serving as a passage for air between the nose and the trachea.
- Digestion: Directing food and fluids from the mouth to the esophagus.
- Immune defense: Tonsils located in the oropharynx play an essential role in trapping pathogens and producing antibodies.
Associated Conditions[edit | edit source]
There are several conditions and diseases that can affect the pharynx:
- Pharyngitis: Inflammation of the pharynx, often leading to a sore throat.
- Sleep Apnea: A condition where the muscles of the pharynx collapse during sleep, causing breathing interruptions.
- Tonsillitis: Inflammation of the tonsils, which are located in the oropharynx.
- Cancers: Tumors can develop in the tissues of the pharynx.
See Also[edit | edit source]
- Esophagus: The tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach.
- Larynx: Also known as the voice box, located below the pharynx.
- Respiratory System: The system responsible for breathing.
- Digestive System: The system responsible for processing food.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
