Cusp (anatomy)

Cusp (anatomy)

A cusp in anatomy refers to a pointed or rounded projection on the crown of a tooth. Cusps are essential for the proper functioning of teeth, particularly in the processes of mastication (chewing) and occlusion (the contact between teeth).

Types of Cusps

Cusps can vary in number and shape depending on the type of tooth and its location in the dental arch. The main types of cusps include:

• Buccal cusps: Located on the cheek side of the premolars and molars.
• Lingual cusps: Found on the tongue side of the premolars and molars.
• Incisal edges: The cutting edges of the incisors and canines, which can also be considered as cusps.

Function

Cusps play a crucial role in the chewing process by helping to grind and break down food. The shape and arrangement of cusps allow for efficient occlusion with the opposing teeth, facilitating the mechanical digestion of food.

Development

Cusps develop during the formation of the tooth in the dental follicle. The process involves the differentiation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts, which are responsible for the formation of enamel and dentin, respectively. The pattern and number of cusps are genetically determined and can vary among individuals.

Clinical Significance

Cusps are important landmarks in dentistry and are often used to identify and describe the morphology of teeth. Damage to cusps, such as from dental caries or trauma, can affect the function of the tooth and may require restorative procedures like dental fillings, crowns, or onlays.

Related Terms

• Cingulum
• Fissure
• Pit
• Groove
• Mamelon

See Also

• Tooth development
• Dental anatomy
• Occlusion (dentistry)
• Mastication