Cusp (anatomy)

Cusp (anatomy)

File:Tooth diagram.svg

Diagram of a tooth, with the cusp labeled at right.

A cusp is a pointed, projecting, or elevated feature. In anatomy, cusp refers to a rounded or conical elevation located on the chewing surface of a tooth.

Types of cusps

There are several types of cusps, including:

• Buccal cusp: This is the cusp that faces towards the cheek. It is found on the buccal (cheek) side of premolars and molars.
• Lingual cusp: This is the cusp that faces towards the tongue. It is found on the lingual (tongue) side of all teeth.
• Distal cusp: This is the cusp that is farthest from the midline of the face. It is found on the distal (far) side of molars.
• Mesial cusp: This is the cusp that is closest to the midline of the face. It is found on the mesial (near) side of molars.

Function of cusps

The cusps of the teeth are a critical component in the process of mastication. They work together with the grooves and pits of the teeth to tear and grind food, thereby reducing it to a state that can be swallowed and digested.

Cusp development

Cusps are formed during the development of the tooth. The process begins with the formation of the enamel organ, which gives rise to the enamel of the tooth. The enamel organ forms the shape of the tooth, including the cusps.

Clinical significance

Cusps are important in the field of dentistry for many reasons. They are often used as landmarks in dental procedures, and their health and integrity can affect the overall health of the tooth. Damage to a cusp, such as a fracture, can lead to tooth pain and sensitivity, and may require treatment such as a root canal or crown.

See also

• Tooth development
• Tooth eruption
• Dental anatomy

References

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