Odontoblast

Odontoblasts are specialized cells that are part of the dentin-pulp complex in teeth. They are responsible for the production of dentin, the hard tissue that forms the bulk of the tooth. Odontoblasts are derived from the dental papilla of the tooth germ during tooth development.

Function

Odontoblasts are responsible for the formation of dentin, the hard tissue that forms the bulk of the tooth. This process, known as dentinogenesis, involves the secretion of a matrix that mineralizes to form dentin. The odontoblasts remain in contact with the dentin throughout the life of the tooth, and can respond to stimuli such as tooth decay or injury by producing more dentin, a process known as tertiary dentin formation.

Structure

Odontoblasts are columnar cells that are located at the periphery of the dental pulp. They have a basal nucleus and an apical process that extends into the dentin. The apical process is thought to play a role in the sensation of pain in the tooth.

Development

Odontoblasts are derived from the dental papilla of the tooth germ during tooth development. The process of odontoblast differentiation is regulated by a number of signaling molecules, including bone morphogenetic proteins and fibroblast growth factors.

Clinical significance

Changes in the odontoblast layer can be indicative of tooth disease. For example, the presence of dead or dying odontoblasts can be a sign of tooth decay. Additionally, the formation of tertiary dentin in response to tooth injury can lead to a reduction in the size of the pulp chamber, which can complicate dental procedures such as root canal treatment.

See also

• Ameloblast
• Cementoblast
• Dentinogenesis imperfecta
• Dentin dysplasia

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