Cyano-

Cyano-

Cyano- is a prefix used in chemistry to denote the presence of a cyano group, which consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom (−C≡N). This functional group is found in various organic compounds and is known for its high reactivity and ability to form strong bonds with other elements.

Cyano Group

The cyano group is a functional group with the formula −C≡N. It is a highly polar group due to the electronegativity difference between carbon and nitrogen. The cyano group is found in many important organic compounds, including nitriles, cyanides, and cyanohydrins.

Nitriles

Nitriles are organic compounds that contain the cyano group bonded to an alkyl or aryl group. They are commonly used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other industrial chemicals. An example of a nitrile is acetonitrile, which is used as a solvent in organic synthesis and chromatography.

Cyanides

Cyanides are compounds that contain the cyano group bonded to a metal or a hydrogen atom. They are highly toxic and are used in various industrial processes, such as gold mining and electroplating. Hydrogen cyanide is a well-known example of a cyanide compound.

Cyanohydrins

Cyanohydrins are organic compounds that contain both a cyano group and a hydroxyl group. They are important intermediates in the synthesis of various chemicals, including amino acids and pharmaceuticals. An example of a cyanohydrin is acetone cyanohydrin, which is used in the production of methyl methacrylate.

Applications

The cyano group is widely used in organic synthesis due to its ability to participate in a variety of chemical reactions. It is used in the production of plastics, fibers, resins, and pharmaceuticals. The cyano group is also important in the field of biochemistry, where it is involved in the synthesis of nucleotides and amino acids.

Safety

Compounds containing the cyano group, particularly cyanides, are highly toxic and require careful handling. Exposure to cyanides can lead to severe health effects, including respiratory failure and death. Proper safety measures, such as the use of protective equipment and adequate ventilation, are essential when working with these compounds.

Related Pages

• Nitrile
• Cyanide
• Cyanohydrin
• Acetonitrile
• Hydrogen cyanide
• Amino acid
• Methyl methacrylate
• Nucleotide