Cyanogenic glucoside

Cyanogenic glucosides are a type of glucoside that contain a cyanide group. They are found in a number of plants and can be toxic if consumed in large amounts.

Overview

Cyanogenic glucosides are produced by plants as a defense mechanism against herbivores. When the plant tissue is damaged, the cyanogenic glucosides are broken down to release hydrogen cyanide, which is toxic to most organisms.

Some common examples of cyanogenic glucosides include amygdalin, which is found in the seeds of many fruits including apples and apricots, and dhurrin, which is found in sorghum.

Toxicity

The toxicity of cyanogenic glucosides is due to the release of hydrogen cyanide when they are broken down. This can occur in the gut of animals that consume the plants, or in the environment if the plant material is crushed or otherwise damaged.

Symptoms of cyanide poisoning can include dizziness, headache, nausea, and in severe cases, respiratory failure and death.

Detoxification

Some animals, including humans, have enzymes that can detoxify cyanide by converting it to thiocyanate, which is less toxic and can be excreted in the urine. However, this process is not efficient enough to protect against high doses of cyanide.

See also

• Glucoside
• Cyanide
• Amygdalin
• Dhurrin

Cyanogenic glucoside Resources
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