Cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor

Cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors (often abbreviated as COX-2 inhibitors) are a type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that directly targets cyclooxygenase-2, an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain.

Mechanism of Action

COX-2 inhibitors work by selectively inhibiting the cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme. This enzyme is primarily responsible for producing prostaglandins following tissue damage or infection. By inhibiting this enzyme, COX-2 inhibitors reduce the production of prostaglandins, thereby reducing inflammation and pain.

Uses

COX-2 inhibitors are used to treat a variety of conditions that cause pain and inflammation. These include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain, and dysmenorrhea. They are also used in the management of acute and chronic pain.

Side Effects

Like all NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors can cause side effects. The most common side effects include stomach pain, heartburn, and nausea. More serious side effects can include stomach ulcers, heart attack, stroke, and kidney problems.

Examples

Examples of COX-2 inhibitors include celecoxib (Celebrex), etoricoxib (Arcoxia), and rofecoxib (Vioxx). Rofecoxib was withdrawn from the market in 2004 due to an increased risk of heart attack and stroke.

See Also

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
• Cyclooxygenase
• Prostaglandin