Cyclosorus interruptus

Cyclosorus interruptus, frond-detail, Iphithi NR

Cyclosorus interruptus is a species of fern in the family Thelypteridaceae, widely distributed across tropical and subtropical regions around the world. It is known for its adaptability to various habitats, including wetlands, forests, and disturbed areas, making it a common sight in its native and introduced ranges. This fern is characterized by its pinnate-pinnatifid fronds, which can grow quite large, and its preference for moist, shaded environments.

Description

Cyclosorus interruptus features erect, bright green fronds that emerge from a central rhizome. The fronds are divided into numerous leaflets (pinnae), which are further subdivided into smaller segments (pinnules), giving the plant a delicate, lacy appearance. The underside of the fronds bears sori, which are clusters of sporangia where the fern's spores are produced. These sori are protected by a thin, membranous covering called an indusium.

Distribution and Habitat

Cyclosorus interruptus has a broad distribution, occurring in Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas. Its ability to thrive in a variety of environmental conditions has enabled it to colonize a wide range of habitats, from lowland tropical forests to mountainous regions, as well as disturbed sites such as roadsides and agricultural lands. The fern prefers moist, shaded areas, often growing along stream banks, in wet meadows, and in marshy ground.

Ecology

As a terrestrial fern, Cyclosorus interruptus plays a role in its ecosystem by providing habitat and food for various species of insects and wildlife. It can also be a pioneer species in disturbed areas, helping to stabilize soil and prepare the ground for the succession of other plant species. However, in some regions, it is considered invasive and can dominate the understorey vegetation, outcompeting native plants.

Cultivation and Uses

While not commonly cultivated, Cyclosorus interruptus can be grown in gardens or as a houseplant in areas that mimic its natural humid and shaded habitat. It requires consistently moist soil and does not tolerate direct sunlight well. In some cultures, parts of the fern are used in traditional medicine, although scientific evidence supporting these uses is limited.

Conservation

The conservation status of Cyclosorus interruptus varies by region. In areas where it is native and abundant, it is not considered at risk. However, habitat destruction and the introduction of invasive species can threaten its populations. Conservation efforts focus on habitat preservation and the control of invasive species to maintain the ecological balance.