Cystosarcoma phylloides

Cystosarcoma Phyllodes (also known as Phyllodes Tumor) is a rare type of breast tumor that accounts for less than 1% of all breast neoplasms. It is characterized by a fast growth pattern and a potential for local recurrence and, in some cases, metastasis. The term "phyllodes," which is derived from the Greek word for "leaf," refers to the leaf-like pattern seen in the histological architecture of the tumor.

Classification

Phyllodes tumors are classified into three categories based on their histological features: benign, borderline, and malignant. This classification is crucial for determining the treatment approach and prognosis. The majority of phyllodes tumors are benign, but even these can grow to a large size and cause discomfort or cosmetic concerns.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The most common symptom of a phyllodes tumor is a palpable, fast-growing mass in the breast. Unlike other breast tumors, phyllodes tumors can grow to a significant size, sometimes several centimeters in diameter, in a short period. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests such as mammography or ultrasound, and a biopsy to examine the tissue histologically.

Treatment

The primary treatment for phyllodes tumors is surgical removal. The extent of the surgery depends on the size of the tumor, its classification (benign, borderline, or malignant), and its location within the breast. Options include lumpectomy (removal of the tumor with a margin of healthy tissue) or mastectomy (removal of the entire breast) in cases where the tumor is large or recurrent. Adjuvant therapies, such as radiation or chemotherapy, may be considered in malignant cases or when there is a high risk of recurrence.

Prognosis

The prognosis for phyllodes tumors varies depending on the tumor's classification. Benign tumors have an excellent prognosis with a low risk of recurrence, especially when completely removed with clear margins. Borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors have a higher risk of local recurrence and metastasis, particularly to the lungs. Regular follow-up is essential for early detection of recurrence.

Epidemiology

Phyllodes tumors are most commonly diagnosed in women in their 40s and 50s, but they can occur at any age. They are extremely rare in men.

See Also

• Breast cancer
• Fibroadenoma
• Mammography