Cytochalasin

Cytochalasin is a class of cell-permeable mycotoxins that are produced by various species of fungi. These compounds have the ability to bind to actin filaments, which are a key component of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells. By binding to actin filaments, cytochalasins can disrupt the normal function of the cytoskeleton, leading to changes in cell shape and movement, and can also interfere with cellular processes such as cell division and endocytosis.

History

Cytochalasins were first discovered in the 1960s in cultures of the fungus Aspergillus clavatus. Since then, many different types of cytochalasins have been identified, each with slightly different properties and effects on cells.

Types of Cytochalasin

There are several types of cytochalasins, including Cytochalasin A, B, C, D, and E. Each type has a slightly different chemical structure and can have different effects on cells. For example, Cytochalasin B is known to inhibit the formation of actin polymers, and is often used in laboratory research to study the role of the cytoskeleton in cell function.

Mechanism of Action

Cytochalasins exert their effects on cells by binding to the plus end of actin filaments. This prevents the addition of new actin monomers to the filament, effectively capping the filament and preventing further growth. This can disrupt the normal function of the cytoskeleton, leading to changes in cell shape and movement.

Uses in Research

Due to their ability to disrupt the cytoskeleton, cytochalasins are often used in laboratory research to study the role of the cytoskeleton in various cellular processes. For example, they can be used to investigate the role of the cytoskeleton in processes such as cell division, cell movement, and the uptake of materials into the cell (endocytosis).

Safety and Toxicity

Cytochalasins are toxic to cells and can cause cell death if used in high concentrations. Therefore, they must be handled with care in the laboratory. In addition, some types of cytochalasins can be harmful if inhaled, ingested, or if they come into contact with the skin.

See Also

• Actin
• Cytoskeleton
• Cell Division
• Endocytosis
• Mycotoxin