D-Serine

D-Serine is an amino acid that plays a crucial role in the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). It is one of the two enantiomers of the amino acid serine, the other being L-Serine. D-Serine is synthesized in the brain from L-Serine by the enzyme serine racemase.

Biological Role

D-Serine acts as a co-agonist with glutamate at the NMDA receptor, which is a subtype of glutamate receptor. The NMDA receptor is essential for synaptic plasticity, memory, and learning. D-Serine binds to the glycine site of the NMDA receptor, enhancing its activation by glutamate.

Synthesis and Metabolism

D-Serine is synthesized from L-Serine by the enzyme serine racemase, which is found predominantly in astrocytes and neurons. The degradation of D-Serine is primarily carried out by the enzyme D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO), which converts D-Serine into hydroxypyruvate.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in D-Serine levels have been implicated in various neurological disorders and psychiatric disorders. For instance, reduced levels of D-Serine have been observed in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting a potential role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Additionally, D-Serine supplementation has been explored as a therapeutic strategy for enhancing NMDA receptor function in such conditions.

Research and Therapeutic Potential

Research into D-Serine has expanded our understanding of its role in the CNS and its potential therapeutic applications. Studies have shown that D-Serine administration can improve cognitive function in animal models of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of D-Serine in treating cognitive deficits and other symptoms associated with these conditions.

Related Pages

• Amino acid
• Central nervous system
• Glutamate receptor
• N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor
• Serine racemase
• D-amino acid oxidase
• Schizophrenia
• Alzheimer's disease