DJD

Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD), also known as Osteoarthritis, is a type of joint disease that results from the breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. The most common symptoms are joint pain and stiffness. Initially, symptoms may occur only following exercise, but over time may become constant. Other symptoms may include joint swelling, decreased range of motion, and when the back is affected, weakness or numbness of the arms and legs. The most commonly involved joints are those near the ends of the fingers, at the base of the thumb, neck, lower back, knee, and hips.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact causes of DJD are not fully understood, but several factors are known to increase the risk of developing the condition. These include aging, joint injury or stress, genetics, and obesity. Mechanical stress on the joints can lead to osteoarthritis, with obesity increasing the risk due to increased weight on joints such as the knees and hips. Genetic predisposition can also play a significant role in the development of DJD.

Pathophysiology

DJD involves the gradual loss of cartilage in the joints. Cartilage is a tough, flexible connective tissue that protects the ends of bones within a joint. As cartilage wears away, the bones may begin to rub against each other, causing pain and further damage. In response to the cartilage loss, the body may also form new bone, known as osteophytes, around the joint to try to restore stability. This can lead to further pain and limited movement.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of DJD is typically based on symptoms and physical examination. X-rays can be used to confirm the diagnosis, showing loss of joint space and the presence of osteophytes. In some cases, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scans may also be used to provide more detailed images of the joint.

Treatment

While there is no cure for DJD, treatments are available that can help relieve symptoms and improve joint function. These may include medications such as pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, and in some cases, joint replacement surgery. Lifestyle changes, such as weight loss and exercise, can also help to reduce joint stress and manage symptoms.

Prevention

Preventive measures for DJD focus on minimizing joint stress and maintaining joint health. This can include maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular, low-impact exercise such as swimming or cycling, and avoiding joint injuries.

See Also

• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Joint Replacement
• Physical Therapy