DNA polymerase III, delta subunit

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PDB 1xxh EBI

DNA polymerase III, delta subunit
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DNA polymerase III, delta subunit is a subunit of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme complex in prokaryotes. It plays a crucial role in DNA replication by synthesizing the lagging strand during DNA replication. The delta subunit works in conjunction with other subunits of DNA polymerase III to ensure accurate and efficient DNA synthesis.

Structure

The DNA polymerase III holoenzyme complex consists of multiple subunits, with the delta subunit being one of the key components. It is a multi-domain protein that interacts with the DNA template and catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the growing DNA strand.

Function

The primary function of the DNA polymerase III, delta subunit is to synthesize the lagging strand of DNA during replication. It works in coordination with the DNA polymerase III core enzyme and other accessory proteins to ensure the faithful replication of the entire genome.

Mechanism of Action

The delta subunit of DNA polymerase III functions by extending the RNA primers synthesized by the primase enzyme. It adds nucleotides in a 5' to 3' direction, complementary to the template DNA strand. This process is essential for completing the replication of both strands of the DNA molecule.

Regulation

The activity of DNA polymerase III, delta subunit is tightly regulated to prevent errors in DNA replication. Various factors, including DNA damage and cell cycle checkpoints, control the expression and activity of the enzyme to maintain genomic integrity.

Clinical Significance

Mutations in the genes encoding DNA polymerase III subunits, including the delta subunit, can lead to genetic disorders and diseases. Dysregulation of DNA replication processes can result in genomic instability and contribute to conditions such as cancer and developmental abnormalities.

See also

• DNA polymerase III
• DNA replication
• Prokaryotic DNA replication