Dance therapy

Dance therapy, also known as dance/movement therapy (DMT), is a form of expressive therapy that utilizes movement and dance to support intellectual, emotional, and motor functions of the body. As a modality of the creative arts therapies, DMT looks beyond the communicative and expressive aspects of movement to promote emotional, social, cognitive, and physical integration of individuals.

History

Dance therapy began as a profession in the 1940s with pioneers such as Marian Chace, who is considered the principal founder of what is now dance/movement therapy. Chace's work in a psychiatric setting highlighted the therapeutic potential of dance and movement in facilitating emotional expression and interpersonal communication. The American Dance Therapy Association (ADTA) was established in 1966, formalizing the discipline and setting professional standards and training programs.

Theoretical Foundations

The theoretical foundations of dance therapy are rooted in the idea that body and mind are interrelated. This principle is reflected in various psychological theories and systems of psychotherapy, including psychoanalysis, humanistic psychology, and behavioral therapy. Dance therapy integrates these theories, emphasizing the therapeutic use of movement to further the emotional, cognitive, physical, and social integration of the individual.

Methodology

Dance therapy sessions may vary widely but generally include observation, assessment, and intervention strategies. Therapists use movement analysis techniques, such as the Laban Movement Analysis (LMA), to observe and assess a client's movement patterns, body language, and non-verbal expressions. Interventions in DMT are designed to meet specific therapeutic goals, such as improving self-esteem, enhancing motor coordination, or facilitating emotional expression.

Techniques

- **Improvisation**: Encourages spontaneous movement, allowing individuals to explore and express feelings. - **Mirroring**: The therapist copies the movements of the client, which can help in building empathy and understanding. - **Movement Metaphor**: Using movement to symbolize thoughts or feelings, facilitating deeper understanding and expression.

Applications

Dance therapy has been applied in a variety of settings, including hospitals, schools, rehabilitation centers, and nursing homes. It has been used to treat a wide range of psychological and physical disorders, including: - Depression - Anxiety - Autism Spectrum Disorders - Chronic Pain - Eating Disorders

Training and Certification

In the United States, the American Dance Therapy Association (ADTA) oversees the certification of dance/movement therapists. Requirements include a master's degree in dance/movement therapy from an ADTA-approved program, completion of a supervised clinical internship, and passing a written examination.

Research and Evidence

Research in dance therapy has grown, with studies demonstrating its effectiveness in improving mental health, enhancing cognitive function, and increasing physical well-being. However, more research is needed to fully understand its benefits and mechanisms.

Conclusion

Dance therapy offers a unique and holistic approach to healing, emphasizing the interconnectedness of mind and body. Through movement, individuals can explore and express emotions, overcome psychological challenges, and enhance their physical health.