Decidual cells

Decidual cells are specialized cells that originate within the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus) during the menstrual cycle. These cells play a crucial role in the process of implantation and the establishment of pregnancy.

Function

Decidual cells are primarily responsible for the changes that occur in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. They secrete proteins and other factors that are essential for the successful implantation of the embryo and the maintenance of pregnancy. These cells also play a role in the immune response, helping to prevent the mother's immune system from rejecting the embryo.

Formation

Decidual cells are formed from the stromal cells of the endometrium in a process known as decidualization. This process is triggered by the hormone progesterone, which is produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation. Decidualization involves the transformation of stromal cells into large, polygonal decidual cells. This transformation is characterized by an increase in cell size, the accumulation of glycogen and lipids, and the production of various proteins and growth factors.

Role in Pregnancy

During pregnancy, decidual cells play a crucial role in supporting the developing embryo. They provide nutrients to the embryo, secrete hormones that regulate the pregnancy, and produce factors that protect the embryo from the mother's immune system. Decidual cells also contribute to the formation of the placenta, the organ that provides oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus.

Pathology

Abnormalities in the function or formation of decidual cells can lead to various reproductive disorders, including infertility, miscarriage, and preeclampsia. Research is ongoing to better understand the role of these cells in these conditions and to develop potential treatments.

File:Decidual cells.jpg

Decidual cells under a microscope

See also

• Endometrium
• Menstrual cycle
• Pregnancy
• Progesterone
• Corpus luteum