Decree 770

Decree 770 was a notable piece of legislation enacted in Romania under the regime of Nicolae Ceaușescu, aimed at reversing the declining birth rate in the country. Issued on October 1, 1966, the decree sought to restrict abortion and contraception, making them accessible only to women over 40 or those who had already borne four children. This legislative action marked a significant shift in the Romanian government's approach to population policy, emphasizing the growth of the native population as a matter of national importance.

Background

The period leading up to the enactment of Decree 770 saw Romania, like many other Eastern European countries, experiencing a decline in its birth rate. This was partly due to the increasing availability of abortion and contraceptive methods, which were seen as threats to the desired population growth. Nicolae Ceaușescu, who rose to power in 1965, viewed a large and growing population as essential to the country's economic and military strength. Consequently, the government sought to control reproductive rights as a means to increase the population.

Provisions

Decree 770 included several key provisions aimed at increasing the birth rate:

• Abortion was restricted to women over 40 or those who had already given birth to at least four children, except in cases where pregnancy posed a threat to the woman's life or health, or if the pregnancy resulted from rape or incest.
• Contraceptive methods were banned, and information about contraception was restricted.
• Financial incentives were offered to families with multiple children, including tax exemptions, priority in housing assignments, and increased maternity leave benefits.

Impact

The immediate impact of Decree 770 was a significant increase in the birth rate in Romania. However, this policy also led to numerous negative consequences:

• A surge in the number of children placed in orphanages, as many families were unable to care for the additional children.
• An increase in maternal deaths due to illegal abortions performed under unsafe conditions.
• A rise in infant mortality, partly due to the abandonment of children and the inability of the state to provide adequate care for the increased number of births.

Repeal

The fall of Nicolae Ceaușescu's regime in 1989 led to the repeal of Decree 770, as the new government sought to restore reproductive rights and address the social issues that had arisen from the decree's enforcement. The repeal of Decree 770 was seen as a critical step towards Romania's transition to a more democratic society, with respect for individual rights and freedoms.

Legacy

Decree 770 remains a controversial chapter in Romania's history, reflecting the complexities of state intervention in reproductive rights. It serves as a case study in the potential consequences of such policies, both in terms of demographic changes and the broader social impact. The decree's legacy continues to influence discussions on population policy and reproductive rights in Romania and beyond.