Deep artery of arm

Deep artery of the arm (or profunda brachii artery) is a significant artery located in the upper limb. It branches from the brachial artery near the level of the teres major muscle, serving as the principal source of blood supply to the triceps brachii muscle and contributing to the vascular network around the humerus.

Anatomy

The deep artery of the arm typically originates from the brachial artery just below the lower border of the teres major muscle. It travels posteriorly, running alongside the radial nerve through the radial groove of the humerus. This close relationship with the radial nerve is clinically significant, as injuries to this area may affect both the artery and the nerve.

As it descends, it gives off several branches:

• Nutrient arteries to the humerus, which enter the bone to supply the marrow and bone tissue.
• Muscular branches to the triceps brachii, providing the muscle with oxygenated blood.
• The radial collateral artery, which runs towards the elbow to anastomose with the radial recurrent artery, contributing to the elbow joint's blood supply.
• The middle collateral artery, which descends to the elbow to anastomose with the interosseous recurrent artery, also aiding in the vascularization of the elbow joint.

Function

The primary function of the deep artery of the arm is to supply blood to the triceps brachii muscle and the humerus. By branching into smaller arteries, it ensures that these structures receive an adequate blood supply, essential for their proper function and health. Additionally, its collateral branches play a crucial role in forming anastomoses around the elbow joint, ensuring a continuous blood supply during joint movements.

Clinical Significance

Injury to the deep artery of the arm can occur due to fractures of the humerus, especially those involving the radial groove, where the artery runs closely with the radial nerve. Such injuries may lead to significant bleeding and may compromise the blood supply to the parts of the arm supplied by this artery. Prompt diagnosis and management are essential to prevent complications.

See Also

• Brachial artery
• Triceps brachii muscle
• Humerus
• Radial nerve

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