Defamiliarization

Defamiliarization is a concept in literature and art that refers to the technique of presenting common things in an unfamiliar or strange way in order to enhance perception of the familiar. This concept was first introduced by Russian formalist Viktor Shklovsky in his essay "Art as Technique" in 1917.

Definition and Origin

Defamiliarization, also known as ostranenie, is a term coined by Viktor Shklovsky in his work "Art as Technique". The term is derived from the Russian word ostranenie which literally translates to "making strange". Shklovsky argued that the purpose of art is to disrupt the automatism of perception, which he believed dulls our sensory and cognitive experience. By presenting familiar things in an unfamiliar way, art forces us to see them as if for the first time, enhancing our perception and understanding of them.

Application in Literature

In literature, defamiliarization is used as a literary device to force the reader to see common things in a new light. This can be achieved through the use of unusual metaphors, unexpected descriptions, or unconventional narrative techniques. For example, in Franz Kafka's "The Metamorphosis", the protagonist's transformation into a giant insect is a defamiliarizing element that forces the reader to reconsider their understanding of identity and humanity.

Application in Art

In visual art, defamiliarization can be achieved through the use of unusual materials, techniques, or perspectives. For example, Pablo Picasso's cubist paintings present familiar subjects such as people or landscapes from multiple perspectives at once, disrupting the viewer's usual perception of these subjects.

Criticism and Influence

While defamiliarization has been influential in many areas of art and literature, it has also been criticized for its potential to alienate the audience. Some argue that by making the familiar strange, art risks becoming inaccessible or elitist. However, others argue that this disruption of the familiar is precisely what makes art valuable, as it forces us to question our assumptions and see the world in new ways.

Defamiliarization has influenced many movements in art and literature, including surrealism, postmodernism, and magical realism. It continues to be a significant concept in contemporary art and literary theory.

See Also

• Russian Formalism
• Viktor Shklovsky
• Literary Theory
• Art Theory