Desmethylchlorotrianisene

Desmethylchlorotrianisene is a synthetic, nonsteroidal estrogen that was previously used in the management of menopausal symptoms and various estrogen-related disorders. It is a derivative of chlorotrianisene, which itself is a synthetic estrogen. Desmethylchlorotrianisene acts by binding to and activating the estrogen receptor, thereby exerting estrogenic effects in the body. Its actions are similar to those of endogenous estrogens, but it is more potent on a weight basis than the natural hormones.

Medical Uses

Desmethylchlorotrianisene was primarily used for the treatment of menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, vaginal atrophy, and osteoporosis. It was also utilized in the management of hypoestrogenism, certain types of breast cancer, and as a component of hormone therapy for transgender women. However, its use has declined due to the development of newer agents with improved safety profiles and the reevaluation of the risks associated with hormone therapy.

Pharmacology

Mechanism of Action

Desmethylchlorotrianisene exerts its effects by binding to estrogen receptors (ERs), specifically ERα and ERβ, found in various tissues throughout the body. Upon binding, it activates the receptors, leading to the transcription of estrogen-responsive genes and the subsequent production of proteins responsible for the development and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics, bone density, and other functions.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetic properties of desmethylchlorotrianisene, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, are not well-documented. However, as a derivative of chlorotrianisene, it is expected to undergo extensive hepatic metabolism and be excreted primarily in the urine and feces.

Adverse Effects

The adverse effects of desmethylchlorotrianisene are similar to those of other synthetic estrogens. These can include nausea, vomiting, bloating, breast tenderness, and an increased risk of thromboembolic events such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Long-term use has been associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease.

Contraindications

Desmethylchlorotrianisene is contraindicated in individuals with a history of estrogen-dependent tumors, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, active or recent history of thromboembolic disorders, and liver disease. It should also be used with caution in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease or risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Interactions

Desmethylchlorotrianisene may interact with various medications, including but not limited to, anticoagulants, thyroid hormone replacement therapy, and certain anticonvulsants. These interactions can alter the effectiveness of desmethylchlorotrianisene or the co-administered drug.

See Also

• Estrogen
• Chlorotrianisene
• Hormone therapy
• Menopause
• Breast cancer