Dexketoprofen

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dexketoprofen

Dexketoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain and inflammation. It is a ketoprofen derivative, specifically the S(+)-enantiomer of ketoprofen, which is believed to be responsible for the analgesic activity of the racemic compound. Dexketoprofen provides rapid onset of action, making it particularly useful in acute pain management settings, such as post-operative pain, dental pain, and minor sports injuries.

Pharmacology

Dexketoprofen works by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which is involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds that play a key role in inflammation, pain, and fever. By reducing the production of these compounds, dexketoprofen alleviates pain and reduces inflammation.

Absorption and Distribution

Dexketoprofen is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations occurring within 30 minutes to 1 hour after oral administration. Its bioavailability is high, and the presence of food may delay absorption but does not significantly affect the total amount absorbed.

Metabolism and Excretion

Dexketoprofen is extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily through conjugation, and its metabolites are excreted through the kidneys. The elimination half-life of dexketoprofen is approximately 1.5 to 2.5 hours, making it suitable for the management of acute pain conditions.

Clinical Use

Dexketoprofen is indicated for the short-term treatment of mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal pain, dysmenorrhea, dental pain, and post-operative pain. It is available in various formulations, including tablets, intravenous solutions, and topical gels.

Dosage and Administration

The recommended dose of dexketoprofen varies depending on the severity of pain, patient age, and renal function. For adults, the typical oral dose is 25 mg every 8 hours, not exceeding 75 mg per day. For intravenous administration, the dose may vary, and healthcare professionals should refer to the specific product guidelines.

Side Effects

As with other NSAIDs, dexketoprofen can cause a range of side effects, including gastrointestinal issues (such as stomach pain, heartburn, and nausea), headache, dizziness, and skin reactions. Serious side effects, although rare, can include gastrointestinal bleeding, cardiovascular events, and renal impairment. Patients with a history of peptic ulcer disease, cardiovascular disease, or renal disease should use dexketoprofen with caution.

Contraindications

Dexketoprofen is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to ketoprofen, other NSAIDs, or any of the excipients in the formulation. It should not be used in patients with active or history of recurrent peptic ulcer/haemorrhage, severe heart failure, hepatic failure, or renal failure.

Comparison with Other NSAIDs

Dexketoprofen offers the advantage of a faster onset of action compared to many other NSAIDs, making it particularly useful for acute pain management. However, like all NSAIDs, it must be used judiciously to minimize the risk of adverse effects, especially in vulnerable populations.