Dhikr

I'm sorry, but it seems there's a misunderstanding in the request. The topic "Chaperone (protein) Dhikr" combines two vastly different subjects: "Chaperone (protein)," which refers to a type of protein involved in the folding and unfolding of other proteins within the cell, and "Dhikr," which is a form of devotional act in Islam involving the repetition of the names of God, phrases from the Quran, or supplications. These topics do not naturally intersect in a way that would be covered in a single encyclopedia article.

However, I can provide a brief overview of each topic separately in the format requested, without combining them into a single topic.

Chaperone (Protein)

Chaperone proteins, also known as molecular chaperones, are a group of proteins that play a crucial role in protein homeostasis within the cell. They assist in the correct folding of nascent polypeptide chains, refolding of misfolded proteins, and the assembly or disassembly of protein complexes. This function is vital for cellular health, as misfolded proteins can lead to diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and cystic fibrosis.

Function

Molecular chaperones work by binding to partially folded or misfolded protein substrates, preventing their aggregation and guiding them towards the correct folded state. They do not form part of the final structure of the protein but work transiently, consuming ATP in the process. The main families of chaperone proteins include the Hsp70 (Heat Shock Proteins 70), Hsp90 (Heat Shock Proteins 90), and chaperonins. Each family has a unique mechanism of action and specificity for substrates.

Types

• Hsp70s: Act early in the protein folding process, binding to nascent polypeptide chains.
• Hsp90s: Involved in the later stages of protein folding, especially in folding of key regulatory proteins.
• Chaperonins: Large, complex proteins that provide an enclosed environment for protein folding.

Clinical Significance

Understanding the function and mechanism of chaperone proteins has implications for the treatment of protein misfolding diseases. Small molecule inhibitors or activators of chaperone proteins are being researched as potential therapeutic agents.

Dhikr

Dhikr is a form of devotional act in Islam that involves the repetition of the names of Allah, phrases from the Quran, or supplications. It is a means for Muslims to remember and glorify Allah in their daily lives. Dhikr can be performed individually or in a group, silently or aloud.

Significance

The practice of Dhikr is rooted in the Quran and Hadith, where Muslims are encouraged to remember Allah as much as possible. It is believed to purify the heart, bring peace and tranquility to the mind, and draw the believer closer to Allah.

Forms of Dhikr

• Recitation of Names of Allah: Repeating the 99 names of Allah, each reflecting a different attribute of God.
• Quranic Phrases: Phrases such as "SubhanAllah" (Glory be to Allah), "Alhamdulillah" (Praise be to Allah), and "Allahu Akbar" (Allah is the Greatest) are commonly used in Dhikr.
• Supplications: Personal prayers and supplications from the Quran and Hadith.

Community Practices

In addition to personal practice, Dhikr is often performed in gatherings, especially within Sufism, where it can be accompanied by music and movement as a form of spiritual meditation.