Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Dicrocoelium dendriticum is a parasite that belongs to the trematode family. It is commonly known as the lancet liver fluke and is a significant cause of dicrocoeliasis, a disease that primarily affects ruminants such as sheep and cattle.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of Dicrocoelium dendriticum is complex and involves three hosts. The adult fluke resides in the bile ducts of the primary host, typically a ruminant. The eggs are excreted in the host's feces and ingested by a terrestrial snail. Within the snail, the eggs hatch into larvae, which are subsequently released in slime balls. These slime balls are ingested by ants, the second intermediate host. The larvae migrate to the ant's brain, altering its behavior and causing it to climb to the top of a blade of grass, where it is likely to be eaten by a grazing ruminant, completing the life cycle.

Pathology

Infection with Dicrocoelium dendriticum can lead to dicrocoeliasis, a disease characterized by inflammation and damage to the bile ducts. This can result in a range of symptoms, including weight loss, anemia, and jaundice. In severe cases, it can lead to liver failure.

Treatment and Control

Treatment of dicrocoeliasis typically involves the use of anthelmintic drugs, such as praziquantel. Control measures include regular deworming of livestock and management of snail and ant populations.

Epidemiology

Dicrocoelium dendriticum is found worldwide, but is particularly prevalent in regions with a temperate climate, such as Europe and North America. It is estimated that up to 80% of livestock in some areas may be infected.

See Also

• Trematoda
• Dicrocoeliasis
• Parasitology