Dihydrochloride

Dihydrochloride is a chemical compound that consists of two molecules of hydrochloric acid (HCl) combined with another molecule. It is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry to form salts of various drugs, enhancing their stability and solubility.

Chemical Properties

Dihydrochloride compounds are typically crystalline solids that are highly soluble in water. The presence of two hydrochloride groups can significantly alter the physical and chemical properties of the base molecule, often improving its pharmacokinetic profile.

Pharmaceutical Applications

In the pharmaceutical industry, dihydrochloride salts are frequently used to improve the bioavailability of drugs. This is particularly important for drugs that are poorly soluble in their free base form. By converting these drugs into their dihydrochloride salt form, their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract can be enhanced.

Examples of Dihydrochloride Salts

Several well-known medications are available in their dihydrochloride salt forms, including:

• Metformin dihydrochloride - used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
• Ondansetron dihydrochloride - used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy.
• Chlorpheniramine dihydrochloride - an antihistamine used to relieve symptoms of allergy, hay fever, and the common cold.

Synthesis

The synthesis of dihydrochloride salts typically involves the reaction of the base compound with an excess of hydrochloric acid. This process can be carried out in an aqueous or non-aqueous medium, depending on the solubility of the base compound.

Safety and Handling

Dihydrochloride compounds should be handled with care, as they can be corrosive and may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles should be worn when handling these substances.

Related Pages

• Hydrochloride
• Pharmaceutical industry
• Bioavailability
• Type 2 diabetes
• Chemotherapy
• Antihistamine