Dihydrofolate

Dihydrofolate (DHF) is a form of folate that plays a role in the synthesis of DNA, the genetic material of cells. It is converted into tetrahydrofolate (THF) by the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). This conversion is an important step in the folate cycle, which is essential for the production of certain amino acids and for the replication of DNA.

Structure and properties

Dihydrofolate is a molecule that consists of a pteridine ring, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), and one molecule of glutamic acid. The pteridine ring and PABA are linked together to form the folate structure, while the glutamic acid is attached to the PABA. The molecule is called "dihydro-" because it has two hydrogen atoms attached to the pteridine ring.

Role in the body

In the body, dihydrofolate is converted into tetrahydrofolate by the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. This conversion is a crucial step in the folate cycle, a series of reactions that produce the DNA building blocks thymine and purine. Without sufficient dihydrofolate, the folate cycle cannot proceed, which can lead to a decrease in DNA synthesis and cell growth.

Clinical significance

Dihydrofolate reductase, the enzyme that converts dihydrofolate into tetrahydrofolate, is a target of several chemotherapeutic drugs, including methotrexate. These drugs inhibit the enzyme, preventing the conversion of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate and thereby disrupting DNA synthesis. This can lead to cell death, particularly in rapidly dividing cells such as cancer cells.

See also

• Folate
• Dihydrofolate reductase
• Methotrexate

Dihydrofolate Resources
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