Dihydroxyacetone

Dihydroxyacetone

Chemical structure of dihydroxyacetone

Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is a simple carbohydrate and an organic compound with the chemical formula C3H6O3. It is a colorless, odorless, and water-soluble solid that is commonly used in the production of self-tanning products.

Properties

Dihydroxyacetone is a ketose sugar, meaning it contains a ketone group and three carbon atoms. It is highly reactive due to the presence of two hydroxyl groups, which allows it to undergo various chemical reactions. DHA is stable under normal conditions and has a melting point of around 90 degrees Celsius.

Production

Dihydroxyacetone can be produced through several methods, including the fermentation of glycerol or glucose by certain bacteria and yeasts. It can also be synthesized from glycerol or glycerin through a process called chlorination, followed by hydrolysis. Additionally, DHA can be obtained from the degradation of certain sugars, such as fructose.

Uses

The most well-known use of dihydroxyacetone is in self-tanning products. When applied to the skin, DHA reacts with the amino acids in the outermost layer of the epidermis, resulting in a temporary browning effect. This reaction is non-toxic and does not involve the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for natural tanning.

Dihydroxyacetone is also used in the food industry as a flavor enhancer and as a reducing agent in the production of certain food additives. It is approved by regulatory agencies, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), for use in various food and cosmetic applications.

Safety and Precautions

Dihydroxyacetone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetic and food products when used as directed. However, it is important to follow the instructions provided by manufacturers and avoid excessive exposure to DHA. Inhaling or ingesting large amounts of DHA can cause irritation to the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems.

See Also

• Carbohydrate
• Ketose
• Self-tanning
• Glycerol
• Fructose