Dillenia

Dillenia alata Hong Kong

Bark of Dillenia alata

Dillenia reifferscheidia Blanco2.344

Dillenia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Dilleniaceae, named after the German botanist Johann Jacob Dillenius. The genus is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, including the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and parts of Australia. Dillenia species are known for their large, showy flowers and often large, leathery leaves. Some species in this genus are of economic importance for their fruits, which are used in cooking and traditional medicine.

Description

Dillenia species are mostly evergreen trees or shrubs. They are characterized by their large, glossy, and often spirally arranged leaves, which can be toothed or smooth-edged. The flowers of Dillenia are large and solitary, with five petals that are usually white or yellow. The fruit is a large, fleshy aggregate of carpels, and in some species, it is edible.

Taxonomy

The genus Dillenia was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. It is the type genus of the family Dilleniaceae, which comprises about 12 genera and 300 species. The taxonomy of Dillenia has been revised several times, and its species are sometimes divided into subgenera based on characteristics such as the arrangement of stamens and the structure of the fruit.

Distribution and Habitat

Dillenia species are found in a wide range of habitats, from lowland tropical forests to montane regions. They prefer well-drained soils and can be found in both primary and secondary forests. Some species are adapted to specific ecological niches, such as Dillenia suffruticosa, which is commonly found in swampy areas and along riverbanks in Southeast Asia.

Uses

Several species of Dillenia are used in traditional medicine and as a source of food. The fruit of Dillenia indica, commonly known as elephant apple, is used in Indian and Southeast Asian cuisine, both as a fruit and as a spice. The fruit is also believed to have medicinal properties and is used in traditional remedies for stomach problems and skin conditions. In addition, the wood of some Dillenia species is used in construction and furniture making.

Conservation

While many Dillenia species are common and not considered at risk, habitat destruction and overharvesting have led to declines in some populations. Conservation efforts are needed to ensure the survival of these species, particularly those that are endemic to limited areas and have specific habitat requirements.

Selected Species

• Dillenia indica – Elephant apple
• Dillenia suffruticosa – Simpoh air
• Dillenia philippinensis – Katmon

See Also

• Botany
• Tropical fruit
• Medicinal plants