Diloxanide furoate

Diloxanide furoate is a medication primarily used to treat amebiasis, which is an infection caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. It is particularly effective in treating asymptomatic (non-symptomatic) carriers of the parasite, which can help prevent the spread of the infection to others. Diloxanide furoate works by targeting the amoebae in the intestines, leading to their death and subsequent elimination from the body.

Medical Uses

Diloxanide furoate is indicated for the treatment of intestinal amebiasis, both in the acute phase and in asymptomatic carriers of the Entamoeba histolytica parasite. It is often used in combination with other drugs, such as metronidazole or tinidazole, for a more comprehensive treatment approach, especially in cases of invasive amebiasis.

Mechanism of Action

The exact mechanism of action of diloxanide furoate is not fully understood. However, it is believed to act directly on the amoeba, causing its death. The drug is minimally absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, exerting its effect primarily within the lumen of the intestine.

Side Effects

Common side effects of diloxanide furoate include flatulence, itching, and hives. In some cases, patients may experience gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps. These side effects are generally mild and transient.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, diloxanide furoate is split into diloxanide and furoic acid in the gastrointestinal tract. Diloxanide is minimally absorbed and is primarily responsible for the drug's amoebicidal activity. The small amount that is absorbed is excreted in the urine.

Dosage and Administration

The standard dosage of diloxanide furoate for adults and children over the age of 2 years is 500 mg three times daily for 10 days. It is important to complete the full course of treatment to ensure the elimination of the parasite and to prevent the development of resistance.

Precautions

Patients with known hypersensitivity to diloxanide furoate should not use this medication. Caution is advised in patients with liver disease, as there is limited information on the use of diloxanide furoate in this population.

Interactions

There are no significant drug interactions reported with diloxanide furoate. However, patients should always inform their healthcare provider about all the medications they are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements, to avoid potential interactions.

Conclusion

Diloxanide furoate is an effective medication for the treatment of intestinal amebiasis, particularly in asymptomatic carriers of Entamoeba histolytica. Its use can help prevent the spread of the infection and contribute to the resolution of symptoms in affected individuals. Despite its efficacy, patients should be aware of potential side effects and take the medication as prescribed by a healthcare professional.