Dipterocarpus

Dipterocarpus bourdillonii 01

Dipterocarpus is a genus of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae family, which is a significant group within the tropical rainforests of Asia. This genus is highly valued for its timber, which is known for its strength and durability, making it a preferred choice for construction, furniture, and shipbuilding. Dipterocarpus species are also a vital component of the forest ecosystem, playing a crucial role in the habitat by providing food and shelter for a wide range of wildlife.

Description

Dipterocarpus trees are large, reaching heights of up to 70 meters in some species, with a straight, cylindrical trunk. They are characterized by their large, two-lobed, winged fruits, which assist in the dispersal of seeds by wind. The leaves are typically large, leathery, and arranged spirally on the branches. The flowers of Dipterocarpus are small, white or yellowish, and form in panicles.

Distribution and Habitat

The distribution of Dipterocarpus is predominantly in the tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia, with a range extending from Sri Lanka and India through to the Philippines and the Indonesian archipelago. These trees prefer humid, tropical climates and are often found in primary forests, where they can dominate the canopy layer.

Economic Importance

Dipterocarpus trees are of significant economic importance in the regions they are found. The timber produced from these trees, often referred to as "Dipterocarp timber," is highly sought after for its quality and durability. It is used in a variety of applications, including construction, furniture making, and shipbuilding. Additionally, some species of Dipterocarpus produce a resin called "Dipterocarp resin," which is used in traditional medicine, varnish, and as a sealant.

Conservation

Many species within the Dipterocarpus genus are considered to be at risk due to deforestation and habitat destruction. The high demand for Dipterocarp timber has led to over-exploitation in some areas, resulting in a decline in the population of these trees. Conservation efforts are underway in several countries to protect these valuable forest resources. This includes the establishment of protected areas, sustainable forest management practices, and reforestation projects.

Species

There are approximately 70 species within the Dipterocarpus genus. Some of the more well-known species include:

• Dipterocarpus alatus - Known for its winged seeds and as a source of timber and resin.
• Dipterocarpus grandiflorus - Also known as the "Apitong," it is prized for its durable timber.
• Dipterocarpus turbinatus - The source of Gurjun balsam, a type of resin.

See Also

• Tropical rainforest
• Dipterocarpaceae
• Deforestation