Dolly Madison

Dolly Madison (May 20, 1768 – July 12, 1849) was the wife of James Madison, the fourth President of the United States. She is best known for her role as First Lady of the United States from 1809 to 1817. Dolly Madison was renowned for her social graces, which boosted her husband’s popularity as President. She also played a significant role in the political and social life of the nation during her time as First Lady.

Early Life

Dolly Payne was born on May 20, 1768, in Guilford County, North Carolina. She was the daughter of John Payne, a Quaker planter, and Mary Coles Payne. The family moved to Philadelphia in 1783, where Dolly was raised in a Quaker community.

Marriage to James Madison

Dolly Payne married her first husband, John Todd, in 1790. Todd died in the Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793, leaving Dolly a widow with a young son. In 1794, she married James Madison, who was then a member of the United States House of Representatives. The couple had no children together, but Dolly was a devoted stepmother to Madison's son from his first marriage.

First Lady of the United States

Dolly Madison became the First Lady when James Madison was inaugurated as President in 1809. She was known for her charm and hospitality, hosting numerous social events at the White House. Her social gatherings were instrumental in fostering political alliances and smoothing over partisan tensions.

One of her most famous acts as First Lady was during the War of 1812, when she saved a portrait of George Washington from being destroyed by British troops who set fire to the White House.

Later Life and Legacy

After James Madison's presidency ended in 1817, the couple retired to their plantation, Montpelier, in Virginia. James Madison died in 1836, and Dolly returned to Washington, D.C., where she lived until her death in 1849.

Dolly Madison is remembered as one of the most influential and beloved First Ladies in American history. Her legacy includes her contributions to the role of the First Lady and her efforts to preserve important national artifacts.

See Also

• James Madison
• First Lady of the United States
• War of 1812
• White House
• Montpelier (Orange, Virginia)