Drop arm test

Drop Arm Test

The Drop Arm Test is a diagnostic procedure used in orthopedics to assess the integrity of the rotator cuff muscles in the shoulder joint. It is commonly performed to evaluate for a tear or injury to the supraspinatus tendon, one of the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff.

Procedure

The Drop Arm Test is typically performed by a healthcare professional, such as a physician or physical therapist. The patient is asked to stand or sit with their arms relaxed at their sides. The examiner then passively elevates the patient's arm to 90 degrees of abduction (outward movement) and asks the patient to actively lower their arm back to their side in a controlled manner.

Interpretation

During the Drop Arm Test, a positive finding is indicated by the patient's inability to maintain control and smoothly lower their arm back to their side. Instead, the arm may drop suddenly or the patient may experience pain during the movement. This suggests a possible tear or injury to the supraspinatus tendon.

A negative finding, on the other hand, indicates that the patient is able to smoothly and controlled lower their arm without pain or difficulty. This suggests the absence of a tear or injury to the supraspinatus tendon.

Clinical Significance

The Drop Arm Test is a valuable tool in diagnosing rotator cuff injuries, particularly tears of the supraspinatus tendon. It helps to differentiate between a partial tear, complete tear, or other shoulder pathologies that may cause similar symptoms.

If a positive Drop Arm Test is observed, further diagnostic imaging, such as an MRI or ultrasound, may be ordered to confirm the presence and extent of the tear. Treatment options for a rotator cuff tear may include conservative measures such as physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, and rest, or surgical intervention in more severe cases.

Related Links

- Rotator cuff - Supraspinatus muscle - Shoulder joint - Orthopedics

References

1. Codman EA. The Shoulder: Rupture of the Supraspinatus Tendon and Other Lesions in or About the Subacromial Bursa. Boston: Thomas Todd; 1934.

2. Jobe FW, Moynes DR. Delineation of diagnostic criteria and a rehabilitation program for rotator cuff injuries. Am J Sports Med. 1982;10(6):336-339.