Drywall

Drywall and tools

Drywall

Drywall-screws-v1 (1)

FEMA - 24623 - Photograph by Michelle Miller-Freeck taken on 05-23-2006 in Mississippi

Drywall splotch

Drywall, also known as plasterboard, wallboard, or gypsum board, is a panel made of calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum), with or without additives, typically extruded between thick sheets of facer and backer paper, used in the construction of interior walls and ceilings. The plaster is mixed with fiber (typically paper, fiberglass, or a combination of these materials), plasticizer, foaming agent, and various additives that can reduce mildew, increase fire resistance, and lower water absorption.

History

Drywall was invented in the early 20th century as a quicker and easier alternative to traditional plaster and lath. The first plasterboard plant in the UK was opened in 1888 in Rochester, Kent. However, it was not until the building boom following World War II that drywall began to gain widespread use and acceptance.

Composition and Types

Drywall panels are manufactured in various sizes and thicknesses depending on the application. The most common thicknesses are 1/4 inch (6.35 mm), 1/2 inch (12.7 mm), and 5/8 inch (15.9 mm), with 4 feet (1.2 m) by 8 feet (2.4 m) being the most common size. Types of drywall include:

• Regular Drywall: Used in most applications.
• Green Board: Moisture-resistant drywall used in bathrooms and kitchens.
• Blue Board: Used in veneer plastering; has special surface paper that provides a better bonding surface.
• Type X Drywall: Fire-resistant due to the addition of fiberglass and other additives.
• Soundproof Drywall: Designed to reduce noise transmission.

Installation

Drywall installation involves measuring and cutting the panels to fit the space, attaching them to the framing using drywall screws or nails, and then finishing by taping and mudding the joints with joint compound. The surface is then sanded smooth before painting or applying other finishes.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages:

• Quick and easy to install
• Relatively inexpensive
• Fire resistance (especially Type X drywall)
• Versatility in finishes and textures

Disadvantages:

• Not as durable as traditional plaster
• Can be damaged by water (except for moisture-resistant types)
• Requires finishing work for a smooth surface

Environmental Considerations

Drywall manufacturing has environmental impacts, including the energy required for production and potential sulfur dioxide emissions from gypsum processing. However, drywall can be recycled, reducing the need for new raw materials and diverting waste from landfills.

See Also

• Plaster
• Building insulation
• Construction
• Home repair