ENDOG

ENDOG

ENDOG is a gene that encodes the endonuclease G protein in humans. This protein is a mitochondrial enzyme that plays a crucial role in apoptosis, or programmed cell death. It is also involved in the maintenance and repair of mitochondrial DNA.

Structure

The ENDOG gene is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 10 at position 13. More precisely, the ENDOG gene is situated from base pair 17,644,803 to base pair 17,648,667 on chromosome 10.

Function

The ENDOG protein is a homodimeric enzyme that is primarily located in the mitochondria. It is one of several endonucleases that are involved in the degradation of DNA. The ENDOG protein has been shown to cleave DNA into nucleosomal units and, in some conditions, large DNA fragments.

In addition to its role in apoptosis, the ENDOG protein is also involved in the maintenance and repair of mitochondrial DNA. It has been suggested that the ENDOG protein may play a role in the fragmentation of mitochondrial DNA during cell death.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in the ENDOG gene have been associated with a variety of diseases. For example, increased expression of the ENDOG gene has been observed in certain types of cancer, including breast cancer and colorectal cancer. In addition, mutations in the ENDOG gene have been linked to mitochondrial diseases, such as mitochondrial myopathy and mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy.

See Also

• Apoptosis
• Mitochondrial DNA
• Mitochondrial diseases
• Mitochondrial myopathy
• Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy