Preauricular sinus and cyst

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Preauricular Sinus and Cyst[edit | edit source]

Preauricular sinus

A preauricular sinus, also known as a preauricular pit, is a congenital malformation that appears as a small hole or pit in front of the ear, usually located where the face and ear meet. It is estimated that approximately 0.1-0.9% of the population has preauricular sinuses, with a higher prevalence in certain populations, such as those of Asian descent. In some cases, these sinuses may become infected or form a cyst, leading to various complications.

Causes[edit | edit source]

The exact cause of preauricular sinuses is still unknown, but it is believed to be a result of incomplete fusion of the six hillocks of His during embryonic development. These hillocks are small elevations that form the external ear. Failure of fusion can lead to the formation of a pit or sinus.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

Preauricular sinuses are usually asymptomatic and do not cause any problems. However, they can become infected, resulting in symptoms such as pain, redness, swelling, and discharge. In some cases, a cyst may form within the sinus, leading to a visible lump or swelling in front of the ear.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Preauricular sinuses are typically diagnosed during a physical examination. The sinus appears as a small hole or pit in front of the ear. If there are signs of infection or a cyst, further tests such as ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan may be performed to evaluate the extent of the condition.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

In most cases, preauricular sinuses do not require any treatment if they are asymptomatic. However, if there is an infection or a cyst, medical intervention may be necessary. Treatment options include:

- Antibiotics: If the sinus is infected, a course of antibiotics may be prescribed to clear the infection. - Incision and drainage: If there is an abscess or a cyst, a minor surgical procedure may be performed to drain the fluid and remove any infected tissue. - Surgical excision: In some cases, especially if the sinus is recurrently infected or causing significant discomfort, surgical removal of the sinus may be recommended. This procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia and has a high success rate.

Complications[edit | edit source]

If left untreated, preauricular sinuses can lead to recurrent infections, abscess formation, and the development of a persistent cyst. These complications can cause pain, discomfort, and cosmetic concerns. In rare cases, the infection can spread to surrounding tissues, leading to more serious complications such as cellulitis or osteomyelitis.

Prevention[edit | edit source]

Since the exact cause of preauricular sinuses is unknown, there are no specific preventive measures. However, it is important to keep the area clean and dry to minimize the risk of infection. If an infection occurs, prompt medical attention should be sought to prevent complications.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Preauricular sinuses are a common congenital malformation that usually does not cause any problems. However, if there are signs of infection or a cyst, medical intervention may be necessary. It is important to seek medical advice if any symptoms or complications arise. With proper diagnosis and treatment, most cases of preauricular sinuses can be effectively managed, ensuring the well-being and comfort of the affected individuals.

See Also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

1. Boppana SB, et al. Preauricular pits, preauricular sinuses, and hearing loss. Pediatrics. 2017;139(2):e20162027. 2. Kromer TO, et al. Preauricular sinus: a systematic review on prevalence, diagnosis, and surgical treatment. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;276(1):15-29. 3. Kotecha B, et al. Preauricular sinus: a review of its aetiology, clinical presentation and management. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1998;44(2):103-8.

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