Ecgonine

Ecgonine

Chemical structure of Ecgonine

Ecgonine is a naturally occurring alkaloid that belongs to the tropane family of compounds. It is derived from the coca plant (Erythroxylum coca) and is closely related to cocaine. Ecgonine is a white, crystalline powder that has stimulant and anesthetic properties.

History

Ecgonine was first isolated in 1855 by the German chemist Friedrich Gaedcke. He extracted it from coca leaves and named it "ecgonine" after the Greek word "ekgonos," meaning "offspring." Gaedcke's discovery laid the foundation for further research on the coca plant and its alkaloids.

Chemical Properties

The chemical formula of ecgonine is C9H15NO3, and its molecular weight is 185.22 g/mol. It contains a tropane ring structure, which is a bicyclic structure consisting of a seven-membered ring fused to a six-membered ring. Ecgonine also contains a carboxylic acid group and a hydroxyl group, which contribute to its physiological effects.

Pharmacology

Ecgonine acts as a central nervous system stimulant, similar to cocaine. However, its stimulant effects are milder and shorter-lasting compared to cocaine. Ecgonine is also known to have local anesthetic properties, which can be attributed to its ability to block sodium channels.

Medical Uses

Ecgonine has limited medical applications due to its close relationship with cocaine and its potential for abuse. However, it has been used as a local anesthetic in certain medical procedures, such as dental surgeries. Ecgonine derivatives, such as methylecgonidine, have been investigated for their potential therapeutic uses, including as anti-inflammatory agents.

Legal Status

Ecgonine is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance in the United States under the Controlled Substances Act. Its possession, distribution, and manufacture are strictly regulated due to its potential for abuse and addiction.

See Also

• Cocaine
• Erythroxylum coca
• Tropane alkaloids