Edith Cavell

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Nurse Edith Cavell 1865-1915 Q32930

Nurse Edith Cavell 1865-1915; Brussels Q70204

Costa Rica, florence nighting Gale & Edith Cavell, 1945 issue

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C. 1916 Edith Cavell propaganda stamp

Bellows, George Wesley, The Murder of Edith Cavell, 1918

Edith Louisa Cavell (4 December 1865 – 12 October 1915) was a British nurse and humanitarian celebrated for her efforts during World War I. Born in Swardeston, Norfolk, England, Cavell entered the nursing profession in 1895 and by 1907 was appointed the matron of the Berkendael Medical Institute in Brussels, Belgium. Her legacy is primarily marked by her role in aiding over 200 Allied soldiers escape from German-occupied Belgium, for which she was arrested, tried, and executed by a German firing squad. Her death received widespread condemnation and significantly influenced international public opinion at the time.

Early Life

Edith Cavell was born in 1865 in Swardeston, a village near Norwich, to the Reverend Frederick Cavell and his wife, Louisa. She was educated at home and later attended several schools, including the Laurel Court School in Peterborough. Initially, Cavell worked as a governess, including a period in Brussels, which established her connection with Belgium.

Nursing Career

In 1895, Cavell decided to pursue a career in nursing. She trained at the Royal London Hospital under the guidance of matron Eva Luckes, a close associate of Florence Nightingale. Cavell's nursing career saw her working in various hospitals in England before her appointment in Brussels, where she was instrumental in transforming the Berkendael Institute into a modern medical facility.

World War I

Following the outbreak of World War I and the occupation of Belgium by German forces in 1914, Cavell became involved in the Belgian underground resistance. Her nursing home was turned into a haven for wounded Allied soldiers. Cavell, along with her network, helped over 200 soldiers escape to neutral Netherlands, defying German military law.

Arrest and Execution

Cavell's activities were eventually discovered, leading to her arrest by the German authorities in August 1915. Despite international pleas for mercy, she was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. Cavell was executed by firing squad on 12 October 1915. Her final words, "Patriotism is not enough. I must have no hatred or bitterness towards anyone," echoed her humanitarian beliefs.

Legacy

Edith Cavell's execution sparked international outrage and was widely condemned. It was used by Allied propaganda to bolster recruitment and garner sympathy for the Allied cause. Memorials in her honor have been erected worldwide, including the notable statue near Trafalgar Square in London. Cavell's story has been the subject of numerous books, films, and plays, highlighting her courage, compassion, and dedication.

See Also

• World War I
• Nursing in the United Kingdom
• Humanitarianism